quinta-feira, setembro 22, 2005
Galicia-Vietnam Friendship Association Comunication
Ronda de Outeiro, 103 – 1ºB
15007 – A Coruña Galiza – Spain
Tlf. +34 626 503939 Fax. +34 981 238580
xancarballo@yahoo.es
15007 – A Coruña Galiza – Spain
Tlf. +34 626 503939 Fax. +34 981 238580
xancarballo@yahoo.es
INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON SOLIDARITY, FRIENDSHIP AND COOPERATION VITH VIETNAM
First of all I would like to express my thanks on behalf of the Spain Vietnam Friendship Association in Galicia Autonomy and on my own to the Vietnam Union of Friendship Organization and to his President Mr. Vu Xuan Hong for your kind invitation to participate in this Meeting.
It is a great honour for my to come to the heroic Country that has been an example for the working class and the people around the World in its struggle against the French Colonial rule and the Imperialism USA.
Celebrating the sixtieth anniversary of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam has been a source of all the Spanish and Galician people who participate in our youth demonstrations supporting the struggle and their tiumph. Also was an example during the struggle against the Franco’s Regime and helping us in the way to freedom and democracy. By the time there was an Organization of Solidarity UNION DE GALICIA-VIETNAM (1.968).
The Socialist Republic of Vietnam still is today an example of developement economy, fighting against poverty, solidarity and peace.
The Galicia-Vietnam Friendship Association was setting up on 7th. May 2004 to commemorate the victory of Dien-Bien-Phu and we try to do cooperation between our people.
Finally, we proclame our work for peace and solidarity and against the war and the capitalism.
Thank you
Comunicado da Asociación de Amizade Galiza-Vietnam
Ronda de Outeiro, 103 – 1ºB
ENCONTRO INTERNACIONAL DE SOLIDARIEDADE AMIZADE E COOPERACIÓN CON VIETNAM
En representación da Asociación de Amizade Galicia-Vietnam quixera agradecer a amable invitación da Unión de Organizacións de Amizade con Vietnam e do seu Presidente Vu Xuan Hong para participar en este Evento.
É un grande honor para min visitar este heroico Pais que ten sido un exemplo para a clase traballadora e para todos os pobos do mundo na súa loita contra o colonialismo francés e o imperialismo dos EE.UU.
A celebración do 60 aniversario da República Socialista de Vietnam foi unha fonte de ledicia para todas as persoas españolas e galegas que participaron nas manifestacións de apoio a loita e ao seu triunfo na nosa xuventude.
Tamén foi un exemplo durante a loita contra o Réxime de Franco e nos axudoú no camiño hacia a liberdade e a democracia. Tamén nese momento existía unha Organización de Solidariedade “Unión Galicia Vietnam” (1968).
A República Socialista de Vietnam sigue a ser hoxe en día un exemplo de desenvolvimento económico , de loita contra a pobreza, de solidariedade e paz.
A Asociación de Amizade Galicia-Vietnam constituíuse o 7 de Maio de 2.004 con ocasión da conmemoración da batalla de Dién-Bien-Phu e tratamos de realizar unha cooperación entre os nosos povos.
Finalmente, proclamamos o noso traballo e favor da paz e da solidariedade, contra a guerra e o capitalismo.
Moitas Grazas
Resolución final da Conferencia de Organizacións de Amizade con Vietnam. Hanoi, 1 de Setembro de 2005
Comunicado ao povo de Vietnam
Chegados desde varios paises do mundo para participar no Mitin Internacional de Solidariedade , Amizade e Cooperación con Vietnam e unirnos ao povo Vietnamita na celebración do 60 aniversario da República Socialista de Vietnam, consideramos que a súa constitución foi o froito da longa, dura e heroica loita dunha nación pola súa dignidade, igoaldade social e independencia. Ten sido un dos maiores acontecimentos na historia da humanidade.
Recoñecemos con profunda emoción o papel desempeñado polo Presidente Ho-Chi-Minh, clarividente e carismático líder, fundador do Partido Comunista de Vietnam.
Vietnam ten sido un símbolo nas loitas de liberación nacional fronte a agresión colonialista e imperialista , ten contado coa solidariedade internacional e inspirado ás organizacións pola paz e á xustiza arredor do Planeta , queremos darlle as grazas polo seu heroísmo, exemplo e inspiración. Vostedes axudan-nos a manter a espranza nás loitas e a continuar confiando na capacidade emancipadora dos seres humanos.
Os éxitos do povo vietnamita nás pasadas décadas é unha proba da importancia e viabilidade dos ideais socialistas.
Cobra especial siñificación, neste intre no cal a globalización capitalista está a atacar os intereses dos povos do mundo , creando diferencias sociais e incrementando a inxustiza social.
Hoxe, unha vez mais, gostarianos expresar a nosa activa solidariedade con povo de Vietnam. Reafirmamos o noso compromiso por un maior fortalecemento da amizade e da cooperación co povo de Vietnam e a súa continua traxectoria pola independencia nacional e o socialismo. Ao mesmo tempo que non esquecemos o pasado e o sufrimento da guerra, en particular das víctimas do axente laranxa aínda esperando xustiza e recoñecemento.
Desexamos grandes éxitos ao povo Vietnamita no proceso de construcción de un Vietnam independente e socialista, un país forte e un próspero povo no camiño dunha sociedade avanzada, igoalitaria e democrática.
Hanoi, 1 de Setembro de 2005
The International Meeting on Solidarity, Friendship and Cooperation with Vietnam. Hanoi, September 1st, 2005
The International Meeting on Solidarity, Friendship and Cooperation with Vietnam
Hanoi, September 1st, 2005
The Vietnam Union of Friendship Organizations
105ª, Quan Thanh Str., Hanoi, Vietnam
Tel: +84-4-845 6303 / Fax:+84-4-733 0201
E-mail:vufocid@fpt.vn; vnmeeting2005@yahoo.com
WELCOMING AND OPENING SPEECH
By Mr. Vu Xuan Hong, President of VUFO
Mr. Pham The Duyet, President of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Vietnam Fatherland Front.
Mme. Nguyen Thi Binh, former Vice President of the S.R. Vietnam, President of the Vietnam Peace and Development Foundation,
Distinguished guests, Internacional and Vietnamese Friends,
First of all, allow me on behalf of the Vietnam Union of Friendship Organizations to extend our warmest greetings to all distinguished guests ans international friends coming to the International Meeting for Friendship, Solidarity and Cooperation with Vietnam.
We would like to extend our welcome to you as constant friends of the Vietnamese people. You are those who have been providing solidarity with and support for our struggle for national liberation, construction and defense, and are here with us today to share our joy and extend solidarity with us on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the founding of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. We express our sincere thanks for your presence.
Comrades and friends,
Over the past years, since the early days of the Vietnamese revolution, the Communist Party of Vietnam, President Ho Chi Minh and generations of our leaders that followed have always been attaching great importance to international solidarity and the combination of national strength with that of the times, turning the Vietnamese revolution into a significant part of the common cause of the world people that has become an important factor contributing to the great victories of the Vietnamese revolution.
We remember that during the struggle against the French colonialists’ reoccupation of Vietnam, the front of friends in France and the whole world protesting the unjust war of the French colonialists made important contributions to the victories won in the battlefields, especially in Dien Bien Phu, forcing the French to cease the Indochina war, and the world recognized Vietnam’s independence, unification and territorial integrity with the signing of the Geneva Agreements in 1954.
We are reminded that during the nti-US struggle for National Salvation in the spirit “nothing is more precious than independence and freedom”, peace and justice loving people formed a world-wide front to extend solidarity with Vietnam in protest against the US war of aggression against Vietnam, and the anti-war movement spread throughout the United States. Not only was it a source of encouragement, motivation and invaluable support for our people’s struggle, but also became an extremely forceful political pressure on the political circle in the US and its allies. Solidarity with and support of Vietnam became conscience of the times, constituted a force in contribution to political, military and diplomatic victories of Vietnam, bringing the United States to the table of negotiations which resulted in the Paris agreement to restore peace in Vietnam. During those glorious days, thousands, tens of thousands and millions of international friends, whose names were not fully known to us, formed into the world-wide “Ho Chi Minh generation” in the world that harmoniously coordinated and cooperated with each other in every campaign for solidarity with Vietnam. Our people will always bear in mind the feelings of solidarity and invaluable support extended to us by international friends from all the five continents, contributing significantly to the complete liberation of South Vietnam and reunification of our beloved country.
Comrades and friends,
In the years that followed the end of the war, due to certain objective reasons, foreign media rarely provided coverage of Vietnam, or if any, it was one-sided and insufficient. Taking this oportunity, I would like to brief you on the situation of Vietnam over the last 30 years, especially the Doi Moi, renewal process being carried out by our people under the leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam.
Before the war, Vietnam was a poor country, whose economy was mainly agricultural. The was left our country with extremely tremendous consequences. The infrastructure, economy, environment of Vietnam was heavily destroyed. In the second Indochina war alone, in an attempt to bring “Vietnam back to the Stone Age”, the US armed forces utilized twice the tonnage of the bombs and shells used by all warring parties in the Second World War to kill and destroy our country. They poured onto Vietnam 80 million liters of toxic chemicals, including over 45 million liters of Agent Orange that contained enough dioxin to kill the entire Mankind on Earth. The war took 3 million lives, injured 4 million and exposed about 4 million people to orange agent/dioxin. Until today, 30 years after the end of the war, millions are still suffering from the pains due to injuries and diseases, hundreds of thousands of children suffer from birth deformities and defects, some 300.000 cases of Vietnamese Mias have not been accounted for, landmines and unexploted ordnances continue taking lives and threatening to kill peasants and children in many villages in Vietnam.
After the war, Vietnam desperately needed facilities and conditions to overcome the war legacy and to invest in economic development for national reconstruction and improvement of the people living-standards. Unfortunately, during the following 20 years, the US and the West imposed an economic embargo and siege on our country. When Vietnam helped the people of Cambodia overturn the genocidal regime of Khmer Rouge, many countries used this issue to isolate and weaken Vietnam.
Our economy was plunged into stagnation. The centrally planning mechanism, which proved to be effective during the war time, ensuring social equality, yet became unsuitable during the peace time to the conditions of the agricultural production. Productivity was very low. Living in an agricultural country, however, we always suffer from food shortage. In addition, we suffered from shortage of other basic necessities. The overwhelming majority of our people were plunged into hunger and poverty. Inflation in the mid 1980s galloped up to over 700%. At that time, we were actually faced with a serious socio-economic crisis.
Amidst such circumstance, in the mid 1980s, the Communist Party of Vietnam advocated the Doi moi – renewal policy. Let me to thoroughly go into the renewal process we have been implementing over the last 20 years.
In terms of economy, this policy includes the following:
Development of a market economy along socialist orientation. We make use of the market mechanism to enhace the efficiency of the economy corresponding to Vietnam’s level of development to build the economy and increase people’s living standards. We consider market a necessary tool, yet it is the user’s purpose that defines the orientation of market development. Market itself can promote economic growth, but can not lead to social progress. Therefore, the socialist oriented market must be placed under the management of the socialist state. The state with sound policies facilitates sound development of the economy, limits negative aspects, and directs economic activities in service of social needs. Oue major policy in this regard is that economic growth must be accompanied by social development.
Diversification of economic sectors to liberate production forces, mobilize all potentials and resources for development. Meanwhile, the state-owned economic sector continues playing leading role in the multi-sector economy. The state holds the monopoly in areas important to national security, state-owned economy plays a leading role in such important domains as natural resources, railway, aviation, public transportation, electricity, water supply, information and communication, banking...The work of state-owned enterprises is an important factor to bring state policies into life in a socialist-orientes market economy.
Promotion of economic cooperation and enhancement of international integration. We view proper mobilization of the entire domestic resources and potentials as the pre-condition to expand effective international economic cooperation. The fundamental guideline is to ensure national economic sovereignty and cooperation expansion on the basis of mutual benefit.
These policies brought about tangible positive changes of the economy. GDP has been growing continuously at relatively high rates for years, with annual average growth rate of 7%, and 7.7% in 2004 alone. Average income per capita doubled after 10 years. From a country that suffered from shortage o food, with annual imports of about 1 million tons of rice, Vietnam has been able to rapidly increase food production from 17.5 million tons in 1987 up to 39 million tons in 2004. At present, Vietnam is a country with firm food securiry, being the world’s second largest rice exporter, and one among the world’s biggest exporter of agricultural products. Our industry has also been growing rapidly, from 8% growth rate in the 1980s to 12-13% in the 1990s and 13-15% in the early years of the 21st century. Industrial production increased from 29% of GDP in 1986 to 40.5% in 2003. Exports increased by 20-25% anually, 29% in 2004 alone. More foreign direct investment has been flowing in, with current registered capital stock of USD 46 billion and disbursement stock of USD 30 billion. The number of tourists to Vietnam keeps going up annually, by 20.5% in 2004.
In terms of social affairs, the renewal policy includes mainly the following:
People-centered development, economic development facilitating the implementation of social policies and vice versa, the implementation of social policies will promote economic development. Realization of social equity and progress should go paralleled with economic development.
Creating favorable conditions for our people to bring into full play their strength and capability; encouraging people to get rich in a legal manner; meanwhile, the state leading the whole society to concentrate on hunger elimination and poverty reduction, support of the disabled and the disadvantaged.
Considering education, training, science and technology development a priority state policy to develop human resources and a main lever to promote social advancement and sustainable development.
At present, Vietnamese population is 81 million people, among whom 75% live in rural area. Economic development has helped our country to get rid of the socio-economic crisis of the 1980s and improve our people’s life significantly. Human development index rose from 0.498 in 1991 to 0.688 in 2000 and 0.691 in 2002.
Although per capita GDP remains low, which was USD 540 in 2004, the Government reserves 24 to 25% of the state budget for social programs.
Hunger elimination and poverty reduction constitute the primary goal of socio-economic development strategy. The poverty rate according to international standards fell from 75% in 1986 to 58% in 1993, 37% in 1998, 28% in 2002 and 25% in 2004, which is an average decrease of 310.000 poor people annually. In 1991-2000, Vietnam accomplished the millennium goal set by the United Nationas for 2015, which is to reduce the number of poor people by half.
The state continues playing the leading role in the fields of health and education. Vietnam achieved universalization of primary education in 2000. At present, universalization of junior secondary education has been recorded in 30 out of 64 cities and provinces and will be accomplished nation-wide in the next 5 years. School attendants increased from 14.9 million in 1994-1995 to 20.8 million in 2002-2003. At the same time, the number of college and university students rose from 203,000to 1,020,000. Literacy rate in Vietnam is 94%.
Former common epidemics have been successfully controlled. For the past 10 years, the malnutrition rate in children has dropped from 50% to 28%. The infant mortality rate decreased from 44% in 1990 to 29.8% in 2004. Average life expectancy increased from 65 years in 1993 to 71 in 2004.
In terms of laws, Vietnam is in the process of building a socialist law-governed state of the people, by the people and for the people. The National Assembly is the highest legislative body elected every five years by direct and secret ballot. All citizens from 18 and older are eligible to vote and stand for election at all levels. Though we do not have compulsory ballo, the voting rate usually reaches 90%. The Communist Party – the political party leading the country – constantly consolidates a close link with the people. There exists 300 people organizations at the central level and thousands of them nation-wide. Via these organizations, people from all walks of life take part in the political life and the socio-economic development process. 600 central and local newspapers provide the people with news coverage. All people enjoy religious freedom and practice. Women’s role has been more and more increased in our society. Nowadays, 27.3% members of our National Assembly are women. The government pays adequate attention to ethnic minority groups. About 17% seats in Congress are held by minority people.
Together with the administrative reform enhancement for better service of the all rounded reform and socio-economic development, the implementation of the Regulation on grass-root democracy over the past years has facilitated the people to directly master their own life and to participate in state and society management.
Vietnam’s foreign policy of openness, independence and sovereignty has helped bring about a favorable international environment for national construction, development and defense. Today, Vietnam has established diplomatic relations with 170 countries and is an active and responsible member of ASEA, APEC, ARF, Franco-phonie, and ASEM, etc. We attach great importance to consolidation of relations with neighboring countries, time-honoures friends, socio-economic centers and on opening relations with all countries in the world in the spirit that Vietnam is willing to be a friend and a reliable partner of all countries in the international community striving for peace, national independence and development. The principle of relations is respect for independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, solution of conflicts through peaceful means, equality and mutual benefit. In the present world context, that foreign policy has contributed to ensuring peace, stability, and national independence for our development.
Dear friends,
The achievement of our renewal process for years have created new strength and put the country in a better position with new advantages in the way ahead, yet we are still faced with many difficulties and challenges. Vietnam remains a poor developing country with a low per capita income and quality of life as compared with countries in the region and the world. The war consequences still remain heavy. Economic development in the context of an open market economy has give rise to quite a few burning social problems that need to be resolved.
In the international context, the process of globalization has placed great challenges to Vietnam. Unfair international economic order and trade have exerted negative impact on the benefit of millions of Vietnamese workers and farmers. Meanwhile, there exist external forces attempting to sabotage independent and reunified Vietnam and the path our people have chosen. Those forces, under different pretexts which can be very flowery, seek to cause instability to our political system, deeply interfere in our international affairs, nurture plots and elements with an attempt to divide, separate and undermine our great national unity, territorial integrity, and even to overthrow our system.
Those are in ni way small challenges.
However, the path of national independence and socialism charted out by President Ho Chi Minh is in the interest of the basic and long-term benefit of the people from all walks of life and is also the chice of our people. We are strongly convinced that under the leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam, with the strength of the great national unity, we will attain the goal of “wealthy people, a strong country, an equitable, democratic and civilized society, and will successfully build the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
This is also or new struggle. In this struggle, we need solidarity, cooperation and support of international friends all over the world.
Our successes and achievements for the last 60 years are inseparable from the solidarity, cooperaton and support of our international friends. On this occasion, we would like, once again, to express our heartfelt gratitude to all peace and justice-loving people all over the world, your fellow country people, organizations and individuals that have always supported and assisted the Vietnamese people. Thank you very much.
Comrades and friends,
Our meeting today is an oportunity for the Vietnamese people to show our gratitude to international friends, to look back on our history and take a look at Vietnam today. This is also an opportunity for us to exchange ideas and put forward recommendations for the continuation of stregthening of solidarity, frienship and cooperation between us in the time to come.
In this spirit, I hereby declare open the International Meeting for solidarity, friendship and cooperation with Vietnam.
Thank you for your attention!
Hanoi, September 1st, 2005
The Vietnam Union of Friendship Organizations
105ª, Quan Thanh Str., Hanoi, Vietnam
Tel: +84-4-845 6303 / Fax:+84-4-733 0201
E-mail:vufocid@fpt.vn; vnmeeting2005@yahoo.com
WELCOMING AND OPENING SPEECH
By Mr. Vu Xuan Hong, President of VUFO
Mr. Pham The Duyet, President of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Vietnam Fatherland Front.
Mme. Nguyen Thi Binh, former Vice President of the S.R. Vietnam, President of the Vietnam Peace and Development Foundation,
Distinguished guests, Internacional and Vietnamese Friends,
First of all, allow me on behalf of the Vietnam Union of Friendship Organizations to extend our warmest greetings to all distinguished guests ans international friends coming to the International Meeting for Friendship, Solidarity and Cooperation with Vietnam.
We would like to extend our welcome to you as constant friends of the Vietnamese people. You are those who have been providing solidarity with and support for our struggle for national liberation, construction and defense, and are here with us today to share our joy and extend solidarity with us on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the founding of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. We express our sincere thanks for your presence.
Comrades and friends,
Over the past years, since the early days of the Vietnamese revolution, the Communist Party of Vietnam, President Ho Chi Minh and generations of our leaders that followed have always been attaching great importance to international solidarity and the combination of national strength with that of the times, turning the Vietnamese revolution into a significant part of the common cause of the world people that has become an important factor contributing to the great victories of the Vietnamese revolution.
We remember that during the struggle against the French colonialists’ reoccupation of Vietnam, the front of friends in France and the whole world protesting the unjust war of the French colonialists made important contributions to the victories won in the battlefields, especially in Dien Bien Phu, forcing the French to cease the Indochina war, and the world recognized Vietnam’s independence, unification and territorial integrity with the signing of the Geneva Agreements in 1954.
We are reminded that during the nti-US struggle for National Salvation in the spirit “nothing is more precious than independence and freedom”, peace and justice loving people formed a world-wide front to extend solidarity with Vietnam in protest against the US war of aggression against Vietnam, and the anti-war movement spread throughout the United States. Not only was it a source of encouragement, motivation and invaluable support for our people’s struggle, but also became an extremely forceful political pressure on the political circle in the US and its allies. Solidarity with and support of Vietnam became conscience of the times, constituted a force in contribution to political, military and diplomatic victories of Vietnam, bringing the United States to the table of negotiations which resulted in the Paris agreement to restore peace in Vietnam. During those glorious days, thousands, tens of thousands and millions of international friends, whose names were not fully known to us, formed into the world-wide “Ho Chi Minh generation” in the world that harmoniously coordinated and cooperated with each other in every campaign for solidarity with Vietnam. Our people will always bear in mind the feelings of solidarity and invaluable support extended to us by international friends from all the five continents, contributing significantly to the complete liberation of South Vietnam and reunification of our beloved country.
Comrades and friends,
In the years that followed the end of the war, due to certain objective reasons, foreign media rarely provided coverage of Vietnam, or if any, it was one-sided and insufficient. Taking this oportunity, I would like to brief you on the situation of Vietnam over the last 30 years, especially the Doi Moi, renewal process being carried out by our people under the leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam.
Before the war, Vietnam was a poor country, whose economy was mainly agricultural. The was left our country with extremely tremendous consequences. The infrastructure, economy, environment of Vietnam was heavily destroyed. In the second Indochina war alone, in an attempt to bring “Vietnam back to the Stone Age”, the US armed forces utilized twice the tonnage of the bombs and shells used by all warring parties in the Second World War to kill and destroy our country. They poured onto Vietnam 80 million liters of toxic chemicals, including over 45 million liters of Agent Orange that contained enough dioxin to kill the entire Mankind on Earth. The war took 3 million lives, injured 4 million and exposed about 4 million people to orange agent/dioxin. Until today, 30 years after the end of the war, millions are still suffering from the pains due to injuries and diseases, hundreds of thousands of children suffer from birth deformities and defects, some 300.000 cases of Vietnamese Mias have not been accounted for, landmines and unexploted ordnances continue taking lives and threatening to kill peasants and children in many villages in Vietnam.
After the war, Vietnam desperately needed facilities and conditions to overcome the war legacy and to invest in economic development for national reconstruction and improvement of the people living-standards. Unfortunately, during the following 20 years, the US and the West imposed an economic embargo and siege on our country. When Vietnam helped the people of Cambodia overturn the genocidal regime of Khmer Rouge, many countries used this issue to isolate and weaken Vietnam.
Our economy was plunged into stagnation. The centrally planning mechanism, which proved to be effective during the war time, ensuring social equality, yet became unsuitable during the peace time to the conditions of the agricultural production. Productivity was very low. Living in an agricultural country, however, we always suffer from food shortage. In addition, we suffered from shortage of other basic necessities. The overwhelming majority of our people were plunged into hunger and poverty. Inflation in the mid 1980s galloped up to over 700%. At that time, we were actually faced with a serious socio-economic crisis.
Amidst such circumstance, in the mid 1980s, the Communist Party of Vietnam advocated the Doi moi – renewal policy. Let me to thoroughly go into the renewal process we have been implementing over the last 20 years.
In terms of economy, this policy includes the following:
Development of a market economy along socialist orientation. We make use of the market mechanism to enhace the efficiency of the economy corresponding to Vietnam’s level of development to build the economy and increase people’s living standards. We consider market a necessary tool, yet it is the user’s purpose that defines the orientation of market development. Market itself can promote economic growth, but can not lead to social progress. Therefore, the socialist oriented market must be placed under the management of the socialist state. The state with sound policies facilitates sound development of the economy, limits negative aspects, and directs economic activities in service of social needs. Oue major policy in this regard is that economic growth must be accompanied by social development.
Diversification of economic sectors to liberate production forces, mobilize all potentials and resources for development. Meanwhile, the state-owned economic sector continues playing leading role in the multi-sector economy. The state holds the monopoly in areas important to national security, state-owned economy plays a leading role in such important domains as natural resources, railway, aviation, public transportation, electricity, water supply, information and communication, banking...The work of state-owned enterprises is an important factor to bring state policies into life in a socialist-orientes market economy.
Promotion of economic cooperation and enhancement of international integration. We view proper mobilization of the entire domestic resources and potentials as the pre-condition to expand effective international economic cooperation. The fundamental guideline is to ensure national economic sovereignty and cooperation expansion on the basis of mutual benefit.
These policies brought about tangible positive changes of the economy. GDP has been growing continuously at relatively high rates for years, with annual average growth rate of 7%, and 7.7% in 2004 alone. Average income per capita doubled after 10 years. From a country that suffered from shortage o food, with annual imports of about 1 million tons of rice, Vietnam has been able to rapidly increase food production from 17.5 million tons in 1987 up to 39 million tons in 2004. At present, Vietnam is a country with firm food securiry, being the world’s second largest rice exporter, and one among the world’s biggest exporter of agricultural products. Our industry has also been growing rapidly, from 8% growth rate in the 1980s to 12-13% in the 1990s and 13-15% in the early years of the 21st century. Industrial production increased from 29% of GDP in 1986 to 40.5% in 2003. Exports increased by 20-25% anually, 29% in 2004 alone. More foreign direct investment has been flowing in, with current registered capital stock of USD 46 billion and disbursement stock of USD 30 billion. The number of tourists to Vietnam keeps going up annually, by 20.5% in 2004.
In terms of social affairs, the renewal policy includes mainly the following:
People-centered development, economic development facilitating the implementation of social policies and vice versa, the implementation of social policies will promote economic development. Realization of social equity and progress should go paralleled with economic development.
Creating favorable conditions for our people to bring into full play their strength and capability; encouraging people to get rich in a legal manner; meanwhile, the state leading the whole society to concentrate on hunger elimination and poverty reduction, support of the disabled and the disadvantaged.
Considering education, training, science and technology development a priority state policy to develop human resources and a main lever to promote social advancement and sustainable development.
At present, Vietnamese population is 81 million people, among whom 75% live in rural area. Economic development has helped our country to get rid of the socio-economic crisis of the 1980s and improve our people’s life significantly. Human development index rose from 0.498 in 1991 to 0.688 in 2000 and 0.691 in 2002.
Although per capita GDP remains low, which was USD 540 in 2004, the Government reserves 24 to 25% of the state budget for social programs.
Hunger elimination and poverty reduction constitute the primary goal of socio-economic development strategy. The poverty rate according to international standards fell from 75% in 1986 to 58% in 1993, 37% in 1998, 28% in 2002 and 25% in 2004, which is an average decrease of 310.000 poor people annually. In 1991-2000, Vietnam accomplished the millennium goal set by the United Nationas for 2015, which is to reduce the number of poor people by half.
The state continues playing the leading role in the fields of health and education. Vietnam achieved universalization of primary education in 2000. At present, universalization of junior secondary education has been recorded in 30 out of 64 cities and provinces and will be accomplished nation-wide in the next 5 years. School attendants increased from 14.9 million in 1994-1995 to 20.8 million in 2002-2003. At the same time, the number of college and university students rose from 203,000to 1,020,000. Literacy rate in Vietnam is 94%.
Former common epidemics have been successfully controlled. For the past 10 years, the malnutrition rate in children has dropped from 50% to 28%. The infant mortality rate decreased from 44% in 1990 to 29.8% in 2004. Average life expectancy increased from 65 years in 1993 to 71 in 2004.
In terms of laws, Vietnam is in the process of building a socialist law-governed state of the people, by the people and for the people. The National Assembly is the highest legislative body elected every five years by direct and secret ballot. All citizens from 18 and older are eligible to vote and stand for election at all levels. Though we do not have compulsory ballo, the voting rate usually reaches 90%. The Communist Party – the political party leading the country – constantly consolidates a close link with the people. There exists 300 people organizations at the central level and thousands of them nation-wide. Via these organizations, people from all walks of life take part in the political life and the socio-economic development process. 600 central and local newspapers provide the people with news coverage. All people enjoy religious freedom and practice. Women’s role has been more and more increased in our society. Nowadays, 27.3% members of our National Assembly are women. The government pays adequate attention to ethnic minority groups. About 17% seats in Congress are held by minority people.
Together with the administrative reform enhancement for better service of the all rounded reform and socio-economic development, the implementation of the Regulation on grass-root democracy over the past years has facilitated the people to directly master their own life and to participate in state and society management.
Vietnam’s foreign policy of openness, independence and sovereignty has helped bring about a favorable international environment for national construction, development and defense. Today, Vietnam has established diplomatic relations with 170 countries and is an active and responsible member of ASEA, APEC, ARF, Franco-phonie, and ASEM, etc. We attach great importance to consolidation of relations with neighboring countries, time-honoures friends, socio-economic centers and on opening relations with all countries in the world in the spirit that Vietnam is willing to be a friend and a reliable partner of all countries in the international community striving for peace, national independence and development. The principle of relations is respect for independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, solution of conflicts through peaceful means, equality and mutual benefit. In the present world context, that foreign policy has contributed to ensuring peace, stability, and national independence for our development.
Dear friends,
The achievement of our renewal process for years have created new strength and put the country in a better position with new advantages in the way ahead, yet we are still faced with many difficulties and challenges. Vietnam remains a poor developing country with a low per capita income and quality of life as compared with countries in the region and the world. The war consequences still remain heavy. Economic development in the context of an open market economy has give rise to quite a few burning social problems that need to be resolved.
In the international context, the process of globalization has placed great challenges to Vietnam. Unfair international economic order and trade have exerted negative impact on the benefit of millions of Vietnamese workers and farmers. Meanwhile, there exist external forces attempting to sabotage independent and reunified Vietnam and the path our people have chosen. Those forces, under different pretexts which can be very flowery, seek to cause instability to our political system, deeply interfere in our international affairs, nurture plots and elements with an attempt to divide, separate and undermine our great national unity, territorial integrity, and even to overthrow our system.
Those are in ni way small challenges.
However, the path of national independence and socialism charted out by President Ho Chi Minh is in the interest of the basic and long-term benefit of the people from all walks of life and is also the chice of our people. We are strongly convinced that under the leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam, with the strength of the great national unity, we will attain the goal of “wealthy people, a strong country, an equitable, democratic and civilized society, and will successfully build the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
This is also or new struggle. In this struggle, we need solidarity, cooperation and support of international friends all over the world.
Our successes and achievements for the last 60 years are inseparable from the solidarity, cooperaton and support of our international friends. On this occasion, we would like, once again, to express our heartfelt gratitude to all peace and justice-loving people all over the world, your fellow country people, organizations and individuals that have always supported and assisted the Vietnamese people. Thank you very much.
Comrades and friends,
Our meeting today is an oportunity for the Vietnamese people to show our gratitude to international friends, to look back on our history and take a look at Vietnam today. This is also an opportunity for us to exchange ideas and put forward recommendations for the continuation of stregthening of solidarity, frienship and cooperation between us in the time to come.
In this spirit, I hereby declare open the International Meeting for solidarity, friendship and cooperation with Vietnam.
Thank you for your attention!
Encontro Internacional pola Solidaridade, Amizade e Cooperación con Vietnam. Hanoi, 1 Setembro, 2005
Encontro Internacional pola Solidaridade, Amizade e Cooperación con Vietnam
Hanoi, 1 de Setembro, 2005
Union Vietnamita de Organizacións de Amizade
105ª, Quan Thanh Str., Hanoi, Vietnam
Tel: +84-4-845 6303 / Fax:+84-4-733 0201
E-mail:vufocid@fpt.vn; vnmeeting2005@yahoo.com
DISCURSO DE BENVIDA E APERTURA
Por o Sr. Vu Xuan Hong, presidente de VUFO
Sr. Pham The Duyet, presidente do Presidium of the Central Committee of the Vietnam Fatherland Front,
Sra. Nguyen Thi Binh, ex-vice presidente de S.R.Vietnam, presidente de Paz Vietnam e Fundacion de Desenvolvemento,
Distinguidas convidadas, amigas e amigos internacionais e vietnamitas,
Primeiro de todo, permítanme en nome da Union Vietnamita de Organizacións de Amizade extender os nosos máis calurosos saudos a tódolos distinguidos invitados e ós nosos amigos internacionais que veñen a este Encontro Internacional pola Amizade, Solidaridade e Cooperación con Vietnam.
Gustaríanos extender a nosa benvida cara vostedes como constantes amigos da xente vietnamita. Vostedes son os que estiveron proveendonos de solidaridade e apoio na nosa loita pola liberación nacional, construcción e defensa, e hoxe están aquí con nos para compartir a nosa ledicia e ofrecer a súa solidaridade na celebración do 60º aniversario da fundación da República Socialista de Vietnam. Queremos dar o noso sinceiro agradecemento pola súa presencia.
Camaradas, amigas e amigos,
Ó longo das últimos anos, dende os comezos da revolución vietnamita, o Partido Comunista de Vietnam, o presidente Ho Chi Minh e as xeracións dos nosos seguintes líderes, deron sempre unha grande importancia á solidaridade internacional e á combinación da forza nacional con outras da mesma época, transformando a revolución vietnamita nunha significativa parte da causa común da poboacion mundial. É a solidaridade internacional, o apoio e a cooperación da poboación mundial a que se convirteu nun importante factor contribuindo ás grandes victorias da revolución vietnamita..
Nos lembrámosnos de que durante a loita contra a reocupación de Vietnam polos colonos franceses, o fronte de amigos en Francia e as protestas do mundo enteiro contra a inxusta guerra dos colonos franceses fixeron importantes contribucións de cara ás victorias gañadas nos campos de batalla, especialmente en Dien Bien Phu, obrigando ós franceses a rematar coa guerra de Indochina. E o mundo recoñeceu a independencia de Vietnam, a unificación e a integridade territorial asinando o Tratado de Xenebra de 1954.
Temos que lembrar que durante a loita anti-EE.UU pola Salvacion no espírito “nada é máis importante que a independencia e a liberdade”, a xente amante da paz e da xustiza formou unha fronte mundial para mostrar a súa solidaridade con Vietnam en protesta contra a guerra de agresión contra Vietnam dos EE.UU., e o movemento anti-guerra extendido por todo Estados Unidos. Isto non solo foi unha fonte de ánimo, motivación e incalculable apoio para a loita da nosa xente, senon tamén unha presión política extremadamente forte no círculo político de EE.UU. e dos seus aliados. A solidaridade e apoio con Vietnam convertíronse na conciencia da época, constituiu a forza en contribución coas victorias políticas, militares e diplomáticas de Vietnam, traendo a Estados Unidos á mesa de negociacións que resultou no tratado de París para restaurar a paz en Vietnam. Durante aqueles gloriosos días, miles, centos de miles e millóns de amigos internacioais, dos que non chegamos a coñecer tódolos nomes, formaron parte da mundial “xeración Ho Chi Minh” e harmoniosamente coordinaron e cooperaron uns cos outros en cada unha das campañas pola solidaridade con Vietnam. A nosa xente levará sempre na memoria os sentimentos de solidaridade e incalculable apoio que ofreceron os nosos amigos internacionais dos cinco continentes, contribuindo significativamente á completa liberación de Vietnam do Sur e á reunificación do noso ben amado pais.
Camaradas, amigas e amigos
Nos anos seguintes ó final da guerra, devido a certas razóns obxectivas, os medios de comunicación extranxeiros rara vez ofreceron covertura de Vietnam, e de haber algunha, foi parcial/pouco obxectiva e insuficiente. Aproveitando esta oportunidade, gustaríame resumirlles a situación de Vietnam durante os últimos 30 anos, especialmente o Doi Moi, un proceso de renovación levado a cabo pola nosa xente baixo o mandato do Partido Comunista de Vietnam.
Antes da guerra, Vietnam era un país pobre, a súa economía estaba baseada principalmente na agricultura. A guerra deixou o noso país con consecuencias extremadamente desastrosas. A infraestructura, economía e medio ambiente de Vietnam foi gravemente destruido. Soamente na segunda guerra de Indochina, nun intento de “traer a Vietnam de volta á Idade de Pedra”, as forzas armadas de EE.UU. empregaron o doble de intensidade de bombas e proiectiles que usaron tódolos participantes da segunda guerra mundial, para matar e destruir o noso pobo. Despois verteron en Vietnam 80 millóns the litros de productos químicos tóxicos, incluindo cerca de 45 millóns de litros do Axente Laranxa que contiña suficiente dioxina como para acabar con toda a poboación humana da Terra. A guerra acabou con 3 millóns de vidas, feriu a 4 millóns e expuxo a arredor de 4 millóns de persoas ó Axente Laranxa/dioxina. Ata hoxe, 30 anos despois do final da guerra, millóns de persoas están ainda a sufrir dores debidos ás feridas e a enfermidades, centos de miles de nenos sufren deformidades e defectos de nacemento, arredor de 300.000 casos de vietnamitas desaparecidos seguen sen resolverse, minas e oxectos sen detonar continúan levandose vidas e ameazan con matar labregos e nenos de moitos pobos de Vietnam.
Despois da guerra, Vietnam necesitaba desesperadamente instalacións e acondicionamento para superar o legado da guerra e investir no desenrolo económico para a reconstrucción e mellora da calidade de vida da poboación. Desafortunadamente, durante os seguintes 20 anos, os EE.UU. e o Oeste impuxeron un bloqueo e cerco económico ó noso país. Cando Vietnam axudou á xente de Cambodia a volcar o réxime xenocida de Khmer Rouge, moitos países empregárono para aillar e debilitar Vietnam
A nosa economía foi sumerxida no estancamento. Incluso o mecanismo central planificado, que amosou ser efectivo durante a guerra, asegurando a igualdade social, tornouse desaxeitado durante o tempo de paz para as características de baixo nivel económico en Vietnam, que consistía principalmente en producción a pequena escala e agrícola. A productividade era moi baixa. De todas maneiras, vivindo nun país agrícola, sempre sufrimos de falta de alimentos. Ademáis de isto tamén sufriamos de problemas de necesidades básicas. A grande maioría da nosa xente foi sumerxida na fame e na pobreza. A inflacción a mediados de 1980 chegou ata o 700%. Nalquel tempo, tivemos que afrontar unha crisis socio-económica moi seria.
En medio daquelas circunstancias, a mediados de 1980, o Partido Comunista de Vietnam abogou polo Doi Moi – un proceso de renovación. Permítanme introducirme a fondo no proceso de renovación que levamos levando a cabo durante os últimos 20 anos.
En canto á economía, esta política inclue o seguinte:
Desenrolo dun mercado económico de orientación socialista. Facemos uso do mecanismo do mercado para aumentar a eficiencia da economía correspondente ó nivel de desenrolo de Vietnam para construir a economía e incrementar o nivel de vida da poboación. Consideramos o mercado como un instrumento necesario, xa que é o propósito do usuario o que define a orientación do desenrolo do mercado. O propio mercado pode promover o crecemento económico, pero non pode levar ó progreso social. Polo tanto, o mercado de orientación socialista débese situar por debaixo do goberno do estado socialista. O estado, con sensatas políticas facilita o sensato desenrolo da economía, limita os aspectos negativos, e dirixe as actividades económicas en servicio ás necesidades sociais. A nosa máis importante política neste aspecto é que o crecemento económico debe estar acompañado polo desenrolo social.
A Diversificación dos sectores económicos para liberar forzas de producción, mobilizar tódolos potenciais e recursos para o desenrolo. Mentres tanto o sector económico posuído polo estado continúa a xogar un papel importante na economía de multi-sector. O estado mantén o monopolio en áreas importantes para a seguridade nacional, a economía posuida polo estado xoga un importante papel en importantes dominios como os recursos naturais, o ferrocarril, a aviación, o transporte público, a electricidade, a auga, a información e comunicación, a banca… O traballo das empresas posuidas polo estado e un importante factor para atraer políticas estatais para dar vida a un mercado económico de orientación socialista.
A promoción da cooperación económica e o aumento da integración internacional. Vemos a axeitada mobilización do conxunto dos recursos e potenciais domésticos como a pre-condición para expandir unha efectiva cooperación económica internacional. A principal directriz é asegurar a soveranía da economía nacional e a expansión cooperativa en base a un mutuo beneficio
Estas políticas ofrecennos tanxibles e positivos cambios na economía. O PIB leva medrando durante anos de forma continuada e con relativamente un alto ritmo, con unha media de crecemento do 7%, e de un 7.7% solo no 2004. A media de renta per capita duplicouse despois de 10 anos. Dende un país que sufría de escasez de alimentos, con importacións anuais de 1 millón de toneladas de arroz, Vietnam foi capaz de incrementar rapidamente a producción de alimento dende 17.5 millóns de toneladas no 1987 ata 39 millóns de toneladas no 2004. Hoxe en día, Vietnam é un país cunha firme seguridade en canto a alimentación, sendo o segundo maior exportador de arroz do mundo, e un dos maiores exportadores de productos agrícolas. A nosa industra tamén está a medrar rapidamente, dende un ritmo de crecemento do 8% nos 80 ata un 12-13% nos 90 e un13-15% nos primeiros anos do siglo XXI. A producción industrial creceu dende un 29% de PIB no 1986 ata 0 40.5% no 2003. As exportacións medraron un 20-25% anualmente, e un 29% so no 2004. Estivéronse a facer máis inversións directas extranxeiras, rexistrando un stock capital corrente de 46 billóns de dólares americanos e un stock de desembolso de 30 billóns. O número de turistas a Vietnam sigue medrando anualmente, un20.5% no 2004.
En canto ós asuntos sociais, a política renovadora inclue principalmente o seguinte:
Desenrolo centrado na xente, desenrolo económico facilitando a implantación de políticas sociais e viceversa, a implantación de políticas sociais promoverá o desenrolo económico. A realización da igualdade social e do progreso deben ir paralelas co desenrolo económico.
Creando condicións favorables para que a nosa xente empregue toda a súa forza e capacidade, animando á xente a facerse rica de forma legal; mentres o estado leva á sociedade enteira a concentrarse na eliminación da fame e a reducción da pobreza, soporte dos disminuidos de dos desaventaxado.
Considerando o desenrolo da educación, o entrenamento, a ciencia e da tecnoloxía unha política prioritaría do estado para desenvolver os recursos humanos, en un maior nivel, a promover o avance social e un desenrolo sostible.
Hoxe en día, a poboación vietnamita é de 81 millóns de persoas, da que un 75% vive no medio rural. O densenrolo económico está axudando ó noso país a liberarse da crisis socio-económica dos 80 e a mellorar a vida da nosa xente significativamente. O indice de desenrolo humano subiu dende un0.498 no 1991 ata o 0.688 no 200 e o 0.691 no 2002.
Ainda que o PIB per capita permanece baixo, que foi de 540 dólares americanos no 2004, o governo reserva un 24 ou 25% do presuposto estatal para programas sociais.
A eliminación da fame e a reducción da pobreza constitúe o primeiro obxectivo da estratexia de desenrolo económico. De acordo cos valores internacionais, o índice de pobreza baixou dende o 75% en 1986 ata o 58% no 1993, 37% no 1998, 28% no 2002 e 25% no 2004, que é unha media de reducción de 310.000 persoas pobres por ano. No 1991-2000, Vietnam cumpliu co obxectivo do milenio proposto polas Nacións Unidas para o 2015, que é o de reducir o número de xente pobre á metade.
O estado continúa xogando o papel máis importante nos campos da saúde e da educación. Vietnam conseguiu a universalización da educación primaria no 2000. Hoxe en día, a universalización da educación secundaria está sendo rexistrada en 30 das 64 cidades e provincias e cumplirase en toda a nación nos seguintes 5 anos. Os escolares creceron dende 14.9 millóns en1944-95 ata o 20.8 millóns en 2002-2003. Ó mesmo tempo, o número de estudiantes universitarios medrou de 203.000 a 1.020.000. O indice de alfabetización en Vietnam é dun 94%
As que eran epidemias comúns foron controladas con éxito. Durante os últimos 10 anos, o índice de malnutrición nos nenos caeu de un 50% a un 28%. O índice de mortandade infantil baixou de un 44% no 1990 a un 29.8% no 2004. O índice de vida media subeu de 65 anos no 1993 a 71 no 2004.
En canto ás leis, Vietnam está o proceso de construir un estado socialista governado por leis, da xente, pola xente e para a xente. A Asamblea Nacional é o maior corpo lexislativo electo cada 5 anos por votación directa e secreta. Tódolos cidadans de 18 ou máis anos podenvatar e participar nas eleccións a tódolos niveis. Ainda que a votación non é obligatoria, o índice de participación chega ó 90%. O Partido Comunista – o partido político que dirixe o país – consolida constantemente unha unión cercana coa xente. Existen 300 organizacións do pobo a nivel central e miles delas por toda a nación.Por vía destas organizacións, xente de todo tipo de vida participa na vida política e no proceso de desenrolo económica. 600 periódicos centrais e locais ofrecen á xente noticias. Todo o mundo disfruta de liberdade de relixión e práctica. O papel da muller está a crecer cada vez máis. Hoxe en día, o 27.3% dos membros da Asamblea Nacional son mulleres. O governo presta atención adecuada ó grupos etnicos minoritarios. Arredor do 17% dos asentos do Congreso son ocupados por minorías.
Xunto co aumento da reforma administrativa para un mellor servicio do resto das reformas e do desenrolo económico, a implantación da regulación da democracia de base ó longo dos últimos anos está a facilitar que a xente dirixa directamente a súa propia vida e que participe no goberno do estado e da sociedade.
A política internacional de Vietnam de apertura, independiencia e soveranía axuda a crear un ambiente internacional favorable para a construcción, desenrolo e defensa nacional. Hoxe, Vietnam establece relacións diplomáticas con 170 países e é un membro activo e responsable de ASEAN, APEC, ARF, Franco-fonía e ASEM, etc. Damos moita importancia á consolidación das relaccións cos países veciños, con vellos e honorables amigos, centros socio-económicos e ás relacións abertas con tódolos países do mundo co espírito de que Vietnam está desexoso de ser un amigo e un compañeiro de confianza para todos aqueles países da comunidade internacional que loitan pola paz, a independencia nacional e o desenrolo. O principio das relaccións é o respeto pola independencia, soveranía, e integridade territorial, a non interferencia nos asuntos internos dos outros, a solución de conflictos a través de medios pacíficos, a igualdade e o mutuo beneficio. No contexto do mundo de hoxe, no que a política internacional está a contribuir para asegurar a paz, a estabilidade e a independencia nacional para o noso desenrolo.
Queridas amigas e amigos,
Os logros do noso proceso de renovación levan creando durante anos forza nova e poñendo ó país nunha mellor posición e novas ventaxas de cara ó futuro, ainda que ainda estamos a afrontar moitas dificultades e retos. Vietnam segue sendo un país de un desenrolo pobre con unha renta per capita e calidade de vida baixas en comparación con outros países da rexión e do mundo. As consecuencias da guerra ainda seguen sendo notables. O desenrolo económico no contexto dun mercado económico abertoestá a incrementar bastantes problemas sociais que necesitan ser resoltos.
No contexto internacional, o proceso de globalización está presentando grandes retos a Vietnam. O inxusta orde e comercio económico internacional está a provocar un impacto negativo no beneficio de millóns de traballadores e granxeiros vietnamitas. Mentres tanto, existen forzas externas tratando de sabotear o Vietnam independente e reunificado e o camiño escollido pola nosa xente. Esas forzas, baixo diferentes pretextos que poden ser moi variados, buscan causar a inestabilidade do noso sistema político, interferir profundamente nos nosos asuntos internos, traman complots e elementos coa intención de dividir, separar e minar a nosa grande unidade nacional, integridade territorial, e incluso a de derrocar o noso sistema.
Estos, de ningunha maneira son retos pequenos.
De todas maneiras, o camiño da independencia nacional e o socialismo trazado polo presidente Ho Chi Minh está interesado no beneficio básico a longo prazo da xentede todo tipo de vida e é tamén a elección da nosa xente. Estamos fortemente convencidos de que baixo o liderato do Partido Comunista de Vietnam, coa forza da grande unidade nacional, conseguiremos acadar o obxectivo de “xente rica, país forte, sociedade ingualitaria, democrática e civilizada” e construiremos con éxito a República Socialista de Vietnam.
Esto é tamén a nosa nova loita. Nesta loita, necesitamos solidaridade, cooperación e apoio dos nosos amigos internacionais de todo o mundo.
Os nosos éxitos e logros dos últimos 60 anos son inseparables da solidaridade, cooperación e apoio dos nosos amigos internacionales. Nesta ocasión, gustaríanos, unha vez máis, expresar a nosa gratitude de corazón a toda a xente do mundo amante da paz e da xusticia, ós membros dos vosos países, ás organizacións e ós indivuduos que sempre apoiaron e axudaron ó pobo vietnamita. Moitísimas gracias.
Camaradas, amigas e amigos,
O encontro de hoxe é unha oportunidade para o pobo vietnamita de amosar a nosa gratitude ós nosos amigos internacionais, para mirar a nosa historia e botar unha ollada ó Vietnam de hoxe. Tamén é unha oportunidade para nos de intercambio de ideas, e para propoñer recomendacións para continuar reforzando a solidaridade, a amizade e a cooperación entre nos no futuro.
Con este espíritu, pola presente declaro aberto o Encontro Internacional pola Solidaridade, Amizade e Cooperación con Vietnam.
Grazas pola vosa atención!
Hanoi, 1 de Setembro, 2005
Union Vietnamita de Organizacións de Amizade
105ª, Quan Thanh Str., Hanoi, Vietnam
Tel: +84-4-845 6303 / Fax:+84-4-733 0201
E-mail:vufocid@fpt.vn; vnmeeting2005@yahoo.com
DISCURSO DE BENVIDA E APERTURA
Por o Sr. Vu Xuan Hong, presidente de VUFO
Sr. Pham The Duyet, presidente do Presidium of the Central Committee of the Vietnam Fatherland Front,
Sra. Nguyen Thi Binh, ex-vice presidente de S.R.Vietnam, presidente de Paz Vietnam e Fundacion de Desenvolvemento,
Distinguidas convidadas, amigas e amigos internacionais e vietnamitas,
Primeiro de todo, permítanme en nome da Union Vietnamita de Organizacións de Amizade extender os nosos máis calurosos saudos a tódolos distinguidos invitados e ós nosos amigos internacionais que veñen a este Encontro Internacional pola Amizade, Solidaridade e Cooperación con Vietnam.
Gustaríanos extender a nosa benvida cara vostedes como constantes amigos da xente vietnamita. Vostedes son os que estiveron proveendonos de solidaridade e apoio na nosa loita pola liberación nacional, construcción e defensa, e hoxe están aquí con nos para compartir a nosa ledicia e ofrecer a súa solidaridade na celebración do 60º aniversario da fundación da República Socialista de Vietnam. Queremos dar o noso sinceiro agradecemento pola súa presencia.
Camaradas, amigas e amigos,
Ó longo das últimos anos, dende os comezos da revolución vietnamita, o Partido Comunista de Vietnam, o presidente Ho Chi Minh e as xeracións dos nosos seguintes líderes, deron sempre unha grande importancia á solidaridade internacional e á combinación da forza nacional con outras da mesma época, transformando a revolución vietnamita nunha significativa parte da causa común da poboacion mundial. É a solidaridade internacional, o apoio e a cooperación da poboación mundial a que se convirteu nun importante factor contribuindo ás grandes victorias da revolución vietnamita..
Nos lembrámosnos de que durante a loita contra a reocupación de Vietnam polos colonos franceses, o fronte de amigos en Francia e as protestas do mundo enteiro contra a inxusta guerra dos colonos franceses fixeron importantes contribucións de cara ás victorias gañadas nos campos de batalla, especialmente en Dien Bien Phu, obrigando ós franceses a rematar coa guerra de Indochina. E o mundo recoñeceu a independencia de Vietnam, a unificación e a integridade territorial asinando o Tratado de Xenebra de 1954.
Temos que lembrar que durante a loita anti-EE.UU pola Salvacion no espírito “nada é máis importante que a independencia e a liberdade”, a xente amante da paz e da xustiza formou unha fronte mundial para mostrar a súa solidaridade con Vietnam en protesta contra a guerra de agresión contra Vietnam dos EE.UU., e o movemento anti-guerra extendido por todo Estados Unidos. Isto non solo foi unha fonte de ánimo, motivación e incalculable apoio para a loita da nosa xente, senon tamén unha presión política extremadamente forte no círculo político de EE.UU. e dos seus aliados. A solidaridade e apoio con Vietnam convertíronse na conciencia da época, constituiu a forza en contribución coas victorias políticas, militares e diplomáticas de Vietnam, traendo a Estados Unidos á mesa de negociacións que resultou no tratado de París para restaurar a paz en Vietnam. Durante aqueles gloriosos días, miles, centos de miles e millóns de amigos internacioais, dos que non chegamos a coñecer tódolos nomes, formaron parte da mundial “xeración Ho Chi Minh” e harmoniosamente coordinaron e cooperaron uns cos outros en cada unha das campañas pola solidaridade con Vietnam. A nosa xente levará sempre na memoria os sentimentos de solidaridade e incalculable apoio que ofreceron os nosos amigos internacionais dos cinco continentes, contribuindo significativamente á completa liberación de Vietnam do Sur e á reunificación do noso ben amado pais.
Camaradas, amigas e amigos
Nos anos seguintes ó final da guerra, devido a certas razóns obxectivas, os medios de comunicación extranxeiros rara vez ofreceron covertura de Vietnam, e de haber algunha, foi parcial/pouco obxectiva e insuficiente. Aproveitando esta oportunidade, gustaríame resumirlles a situación de Vietnam durante os últimos 30 anos, especialmente o Doi Moi, un proceso de renovación levado a cabo pola nosa xente baixo o mandato do Partido Comunista de Vietnam.
Antes da guerra, Vietnam era un país pobre, a súa economía estaba baseada principalmente na agricultura. A guerra deixou o noso país con consecuencias extremadamente desastrosas. A infraestructura, economía e medio ambiente de Vietnam foi gravemente destruido. Soamente na segunda guerra de Indochina, nun intento de “traer a Vietnam de volta á Idade de Pedra”, as forzas armadas de EE.UU. empregaron o doble de intensidade de bombas e proiectiles que usaron tódolos participantes da segunda guerra mundial, para matar e destruir o noso pobo. Despois verteron en Vietnam 80 millóns the litros de productos químicos tóxicos, incluindo cerca de 45 millóns de litros do Axente Laranxa que contiña suficiente dioxina como para acabar con toda a poboación humana da Terra. A guerra acabou con 3 millóns de vidas, feriu a 4 millóns e expuxo a arredor de 4 millóns de persoas ó Axente Laranxa/dioxina. Ata hoxe, 30 anos despois do final da guerra, millóns de persoas están ainda a sufrir dores debidos ás feridas e a enfermidades, centos de miles de nenos sufren deformidades e defectos de nacemento, arredor de 300.000 casos de vietnamitas desaparecidos seguen sen resolverse, minas e oxectos sen detonar continúan levandose vidas e ameazan con matar labregos e nenos de moitos pobos de Vietnam.
Despois da guerra, Vietnam necesitaba desesperadamente instalacións e acondicionamento para superar o legado da guerra e investir no desenrolo económico para a reconstrucción e mellora da calidade de vida da poboación. Desafortunadamente, durante os seguintes 20 anos, os EE.UU. e o Oeste impuxeron un bloqueo e cerco económico ó noso país. Cando Vietnam axudou á xente de Cambodia a volcar o réxime xenocida de Khmer Rouge, moitos países empregárono para aillar e debilitar Vietnam
A nosa economía foi sumerxida no estancamento. Incluso o mecanismo central planificado, que amosou ser efectivo durante a guerra, asegurando a igualdade social, tornouse desaxeitado durante o tempo de paz para as características de baixo nivel económico en Vietnam, que consistía principalmente en producción a pequena escala e agrícola. A productividade era moi baixa. De todas maneiras, vivindo nun país agrícola, sempre sufrimos de falta de alimentos. Ademáis de isto tamén sufriamos de problemas de necesidades básicas. A grande maioría da nosa xente foi sumerxida na fame e na pobreza. A inflacción a mediados de 1980 chegou ata o 700%. Nalquel tempo, tivemos que afrontar unha crisis socio-económica moi seria.
En medio daquelas circunstancias, a mediados de 1980, o Partido Comunista de Vietnam abogou polo Doi Moi – un proceso de renovación. Permítanme introducirme a fondo no proceso de renovación que levamos levando a cabo durante os últimos 20 anos.
En canto á economía, esta política inclue o seguinte:
Desenrolo dun mercado económico de orientación socialista. Facemos uso do mecanismo do mercado para aumentar a eficiencia da economía correspondente ó nivel de desenrolo de Vietnam para construir a economía e incrementar o nivel de vida da poboación. Consideramos o mercado como un instrumento necesario, xa que é o propósito do usuario o que define a orientación do desenrolo do mercado. O propio mercado pode promover o crecemento económico, pero non pode levar ó progreso social. Polo tanto, o mercado de orientación socialista débese situar por debaixo do goberno do estado socialista. O estado, con sensatas políticas facilita o sensato desenrolo da economía, limita os aspectos negativos, e dirixe as actividades económicas en servicio ás necesidades sociais. A nosa máis importante política neste aspecto é que o crecemento económico debe estar acompañado polo desenrolo social.
A Diversificación dos sectores económicos para liberar forzas de producción, mobilizar tódolos potenciais e recursos para o desenrolo. Mentres tanto o sector económico posuído polo estado continúa a xogar un papel importante na economía de multi-sector. O estado mantén o monopolio en áreas importantes para a seguridade nacional, a economía posuida polo estado xoga un importante papel en importantes dominios como os recursos naturais, o ferrocarril, a aviación, o transporte público, a electricidade, a auga, a información e comunicación, a banca… O traballo das empresas posuidas polo estado e un importante factor para atraer políticas estatais para dar vida a un mercado económico de orientación socialista.
A promoción da cooperación económica e o aumento da integración internacional. Vemos a axeitada mobilización do conxunto dos recursos e potenciais domésticos como a pre-condición para expandir unha efectiva cooperación económica internacional. A principal directriz é asegurar a soveranía da economía nacional e a expansión cooperativa en base a un mutuo beneficio
Estas políticas ofrecennos tanxibles e positivos cambios na economía. O PIB leva medrando durante anos de forma continuada e con relativamente un alto ritmo, con unha media de crecemento do 7%, e de un 7.7% solo no 2004. A media de renta per capita duplicouse despois de 10 anos. Dende un país que sufría de escasez de alimentos, con importacións anuais de 1 millón de toneladas de arroz, Vietnam foi capaz de incrementar rapidamente a producción de alimento dende 17.5 millóns de toneladas no 1987 ata 39 millóns de toneladas no 2004. Hoxe en día, Vietnam é un país cunha firme seguridade en canto a alimentación, sendo o segundo maior exportador de arroz do mundo, e un dos maiores exportadores de productos agrícolas. A nosa industra tamén está a medrar rapidamente, dende un ritmo de crecemento do 8% nos 80 ata un 12-13% nos 90 e un13-15% nos primeiros anos do siglo XXI. A producción industrial creceu dende un 29% de PIB no 1986 ata 0 40.5% no 2003. As exportacións medraron un 20-25% anualmente, e un 29% so no 2004. Estivéronse a facer máis inversións directas extranxeiras, rexistrando un stock capital corrente de 46 billóns de dólares americanos e un stock de desembolso de 30 billóns. O número de turistas a Vietnam sigue medrando anualmente, un20.5% no 2004.
En canto ós asuntos sociais, a política renovadora inclue principalmente o seguinte:
Desenrolo centrado na xente, desenrolo económico facilitando a implantación de políticas sociais e viceversa, a implantación de políticas sociais promoverá o desenrolo económico. A realización da igualdade social e do progreso deben ir paralelas co desenrolo económico.
Creando condicións favorables para que a nosa xente empregue toda a súa forza e capacidade, animando á xente a facerse rica de forma legal; mentres o estado leva á sociedade enteira a concentrarse na eliminación da fame e a reducción da pobreza, soporte dos disminuidos de dos desaventaxado.
Considerando o desenrolo da educación, o entrenamento, a ciencia e da tecnoloxía unha política prioritaría do estado para desenvolver os recursos humanos, en un maior nivel, a promover o avance social e un desenrolo sostible.
Hoxe en día, a poboación vietnamita é de 81 millóns de persoas, da que un 75% vive no medio rural. O densenrolo económico está axudando ó noso país a liberarse da crisis socio-económica dos 80 e a mellorar a vida da nosa xente significativamente. O indice de desenrolo humano subiu dende un0.498 no 1991 ata o 0.688 no 200 e o 0.691 no 2002.
Ainda que o PIB per capita permanece baixo, que foi de 540 dólares americanos no 2004, o governo reserva un 24 ou 25% do presuposto estatal para programas sociais.
A eliminación da fame e a reducción da pobreza constitúe o primeiro obxectivo da estratexia de desenrolo económico. De acordo cos valores internacionais, o índice de pobreza baixou dende o 75% en 1986 ata o 58% no 1993, 37% no 1998, 28% no 2002 e 25% no 2004, que é unha media de reducción de 310.000 persoas pobres por ano. No 1991-2000, Vietnam cumpliu co obxectivo do milenio proposto polas Nacións Unidas para o 2015, que é o de reducir o número de xente pobre á metade.
O estado continúa xogando o papel máis importante nos campos da saúde e da educación. Vietnam conseguiu a universalización da educación primaria no 2000. Hoxe en día, a universalización da educación secundaria está sendo rexistrada en 30 das 64 cidades e provincias e cumplirase en toda a nación nos seguintes 5 anos. Os escolares creceron dende 14.9 millóns en1944-95 ata o 20.8 millóns en 2002-2003. Ó mesmo tempo, o número de estudiantes universitarios medrou de 203.000 a 1.020.000. O indice de alfabetización en Vietnam é dun 94%
As que eran epidemias comúns foron controladas con éxito. Durante os últimos 10 anos, o índice de malnutrición nos nenos caeu de un 50% a un 28%. O índice de mortandade infantil baixou de un 44% no 1990 a un 29.8% no 2004. O índice de vida media subeu de 65 anos no 1993 a 71 no 2004.
En canto ás leis, Vietnam está o proceso de construir un estado socialista governado por leis, da xente, pola xente e para a xente. A Asamblea Nacional é o maior corpo lexislativo electo cada 5 anos por votación directa e secreta. Tódolos cidadans de 18 ou máis anos podenvatar e participar nas eleccións a tódolos niveis. Ainda que a votación non é obligatoria, o índice de participación chega ó 90%. O Partido Comunista – o partido político que dirixe o país – consolida constantemente unha unión cercana coa xente. Existen 300 organizacións do pobo a nivel central e miles delas por toda a nación.Por vía destas organizacións, xente de todo tipo de vida participa na vida política e no proceso de desenrolo económica. 600 periódicos centrais e locais ofrecen á xente noticias. Todo o mundo disfruta de liberdade de relixión e práctica. O papel da muller está a crecer cada vez máis. Hoxe en día, o 27.3% dos membros da Asamblea Nacional son mulleres. O governo presta atención adecuada ó grupos etnicos minoritarios. Arredor do 17% dos asentos do Congreso son ocupados por minorías.
Xunto co aumento da reforma administrativa para un mellor servicio do resto das reformas e do desenrolo económico, a implantación da regulación da democracia de base ó longo dos últimos anos está a facilitar que a xente dirixa directamente a súa propia vida e que participe no goberno do estado e da sociedade.
A política internacional de Vietnam de apertura, independiencia e soveranía axuda a crear un ambiente internacional favorable para a construcción, desenrolo e defensa nacional. Hoxe, Vietnam establece relacións diplomáticas con 170 países e é un membro activo e responsable de ASEAN, APEC, ARF, Franco-fonía e ASEM, etc. Damos moita importancia á consolidación das relaccións cos países veciños, con vellos e honorables amigos, centros socio-económicos e ás relacións abertas con tódolos países do mundo co espírito de que Vietnam está desexoso de ser un amigo e un compañeiro de confianza para todos aqueles países da comunidade internacional que loitan pola paz, a independencia nacional e o desenrolo. O principio das relaccións é o respeto pola independencia, soveranía, e integridade territorial, a non interferencia nos asuntos internos dos outros, a solución de conflictos a través de medios pacíficos, a igualdade e o mutuo beneficio. No contexto do mundo de hoxe, no que a política internacional está a contribuir para asegurar a paz, a estabilidade e a independencia nacional para o noso desenrolo.
Queridas amigas e amigos,
Os logros do noso proceso de renovación levan creando durante anos forza nova e poñendo ó país nunha mellor posición e novas ventaxas de cara ó futuro, ainda que ainda estamos a afrontar moitas dificultades e retos. Vietnam segue sendo un país de un desenrolo pobre con unha renta per capita e calidade de vida baixas en comparación con outros países da rexión e do mundo. As consecuencias da guerra ainda seguen sendo notables. O desenrolo económico no contexto dun mercado económico abertoestá a incrementar bastantes problemas sociais que necesitan ser resoltos.
No contexto internacional, o proceso de globalización está presentando grandes retos a Vietnam. O inxusta orde e comercio económico internacional está a provocar un impacto negativo no beneficio de millóns de traballadores e granxeiros vietnamitas. Mentres tanto, existen forzas externas tratando de sabotear o Vietnam independente e reunificado e o camiño escollido pola nosa xente. Esas forzas, baixo diferentes pretextos que poden ser moi variados, buscan causar a inestabilidade do noso sistema político, interferir profundamente nos nosos asuntos internos, traman complots e elementos coa intención de dividir, separar e minar a nosa grande unidade nacional, integridade territorial, e incluso a de derrocar o noso sistema.
Estos, de ningunha maneira son retos pequenos.
De todas maneiras, o camiño da independencia nacional e o socialismo trazado polo presidente Ho Chi Minh está interesado no beneficio básico a longo prazo da xentede todo tipo de vida e é tamén a elección da nosa xente. Estamos fortemente convencidos de que baixo o liderato do Partido Comunista de Vietnam, coa forza da grande unidade nacional, conseguiremos acadar o obxectivo de “xente rica, país forte, sociedade ingualitaria, democrática e civilizada” e construiremos con éxito a República Socialista de Vietnam.
Esto é tamén a nosa nova loita. Nesta loita, necesitamos solidaridade, cooperación e apoio dos nosos amigos internacionais de todo o mundo.
Os nosos éxitos e logros dos últimos 60 anos son inseparables da solidaridade, cooperación e apoio dos nosos amigos internacionales. Nesta ocasión, gustaríanos, unha vez máis, expresar a nosa gratitude de corazón a toda a xente do mundo amante da paz e da xusticia, ós membros dos vosos países, ás organizacións e ós indivuduos que sempre apoiaron e axudaron ó pobo vietnamita. Moitísimas gracias.
Camaradas, amigas e amigos,
O encontro de hoxe é unha oportunidade para o pobo vietnamita de amosar a nosa gratitude ós nosos amigos internacionais, para mirar a nosa historia e botar unha ollada ó Vietnam de hoxe. Tamén é unha oportunidade para nos de intercambio de ideas, e para propoñer recomendacións para continuar reforzando a solidaridade, a amizade e a cooperación entre nos no futuro.
Con este espíritu, pola presente declaro aberto o Encontro Internacional pola Solidaridade, Amizade e Cooperación con Vietnam.
Grazas pola vosa atención!
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